Projet Babel forum Babel
Contact - Règles du forum - Index du projet - Babéliens
INSCRIPTION - Connexion - Profil - Messages personnels
Clavier - Dictionnaires

Dictionnaire Babel

recherche sur le forum
Fautes d'anglais qui vous irritent le plus - Forum anglais - Forum Babel
Fautes d'anglais qui vous irritent le plus
Aller à la page Précédente  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8  Suivante
Créer un nouveau sujet Répondre au sujet Forum Babel Index -> Forum anglais
Voir le sujet précédent :: Voir le sujet suivant
Auteur Message
Gaspard



Inscrit le: 06 Aug 2008
Messages: 215
Lieu: France

Messageécrit le Saturday 18 Sep 10, 10:11 Répondre en citant ce message   

Le Conseil Général du Var a publié des dépliants en plusieurs langues concernant les risques que représente la prolifération des moustiques dans le Var. La version anglaise de ce dépliant (écrite dans un anglais de collégien) présente plusieurs fautes ce qui est irritant (pourquoi publier de tels documents? ne vaudrait-il pas mieux s'abstenir et ne proposer qu'une version française?).

Il y a toutefois dans ce document une faute amusante que voici:

Back in France, if this person gets bitten by a sane Aedes albopictus mosquitoe, then this person will infect it.

Le Conseil Général a voulu dire:
De retour en France, si cette personne [contaminée] est piquée par un moustique Aedes Albopictus [sain], alors cette personne l'infectera [le moustique].

C'est amusant car sane en anglais veut dire sain d'esprit (opposé de insane qui veut dire fou). Pour un Américain en voyage dans le var, le dépliant évoque donc un moustique sain d'esprit.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Jacques



Inscrit le: 25 Oct 2005
Messages: 6525
Lieu: Etats-Unis et France

Messageécrit le Monday 15 Nov 10, 20:06 Répondre en citant ce message   

Parfois, principle est utilisé incorrectement au lieu de principal.


Cela donne des choses bizarres comme "principle scientist" au lieu de "principal scientist" dans des domaines n'ayant rien à voir avec recherche sur l'éthique.

J'ai lu aussi principled scientist (lit. "chercheur qui a des principes").

angl. principal : adj. principal
angl. principle : n. principe
angl. principled : p.p. pourvu de principes
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Zwielicht



Inscrit le: 30 Jan 2007
Messages: 1227
Lieu: la rencontre des eaux

Messageécrit le Tuesday 16 Nov 10, 23:45 Répondre en citant ce message   

J'ai déjà lu une référence, sur le web, au "Heisenburg Principal" (sic).

Le principe d'Heisenberg était devenu un haut-placé académique (principal en anglais est un titre académique dans plusieurs pays anglophones) de l'école d'Heisenburg, ville fictive.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Jacques



Inscrit le: 25 Oct 2005
Messages: 6525
Lieu: Etats-Unis et France

Messageécrit le Saturday 24 Sep 11, 21:38 Répondre en citant ce message   

Usage de "Aren't I? "(incorrect) au lieu "Am I not?" (correct). Dans cette faute, le verbe n'est pas accordé, en personne, avec le sujet ("Est-ce que je ne le es pas?").

"Aren't I?"(incorrect) est sans doute construit sur le modèle de "Aren't you?", dans un but de purisme grammatical. Une influence de "Haven't I" (Est-ce que j'ai ..?), qui a une sonorité semblable, est aussi possible.


"Am I not?" est correct mais semble un peu affecté ou shakespearien. En langage plus simple, on dirait "Don't you think I am not?".
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
José
Animateur


Inscrit le: 16 Oct 2006
Messages: 10946
Lieu: Lyon

Messageécrit le Monday 26 Sep 11, 12:15 Répondre en citant ce message   

ain't I est la forme familière de aren't I.
Mais dans ain't I, on voit assez peu le lien avec la forme incorrecte aren't I. Cette forme peut donner l'impression d'être un abrégé de am I not. (à mon avis)
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
embatérienne
Animateur


Inscrit le: 11 Mar 2011
Messages: 3865
Lieu: Paris

Messageécrit le Monday 26 Sep 11, 12:27 Répondre en citant ce message   

On entend de plus en plus souvent innit.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Jacques



Inscrit le: 25 Oct 2005
Messages: 6525
Lieu: Etats-Unis et France

Messageécrit le Monday 26 Sep 11, 12:32 Répondre en citant ce message   

Je dois ajouter que "aren't I?" est une faute rare, mais que l'on note chez les gens de langue maternelle anglaise, comme "I have went" au lieu de "I have gone".
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Jacques



Inscrit le: 25 Oct 2005
Messages: 6525
Lieu: Etats-Unis et France

Messageécrit le Wednesday 26 Oct 11, 14:44 Répondre en citant ce message   

L'expression "general consensus" est un affreux pléonasme.


On la trouve 14 millions de fois dans Google.com, même si ce nombre comprend les plaintes de la police anti-pléonasmes, comme le présent message.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Feintisti



Inscrit le: 09 Oct 2005
Messages: 1591
Lieu: Liège, Belgique

Messageécrit le Thursday 27 Oct 11, 11:24 Répondre en citant ce message   

Les Ecossais disent quant à eux "amn't".
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
José
Animateur


Inscrit le: 16 Oct 2006
Messages: 10946
Lieu: Lyon

Messageécrit le Saturday 23 Mar 13, 14:59 Répondre en citant ce message   

Lire le Fil To be composed / comprised of.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Gaspard



Inscrit le: 06 Aug 2008
Messages: 215
Lieu: France

Messageécrit le Wednesday 19 Jun 13, 18:01 Répondre en citant ce message   

A l'occasion du salon du Bourget...

On voit parfois sur internet : aircrafts (Français avions).

Aircraft est invariable.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
embatérienne
Animateur


Inscrit le: 11 Mar 2011
Messages: 3865
Lieu: Paris

Messageécrit le Wednesday 19 Jun 13, 18:35 Répondre en citant ce message   

Ah oui, c'est vrai. Même les anglophones de naissance s'en émeuvent :
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/46824/why-does-the-incorrect-plural-aircrafts-seem-to-be-occurring-more-often
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Gaspard



Inscrit le: 06 Aug 2008
Messages: 215
Lieu: France

Messageécrit le Wednesday 19 Jun 13, 19:23 Répondre en citant ce message   

Dans la série des 's' indésirables, on voit souvent des expressions telles que celles-ci qui sonnent vraiment mal:

A three years old child (Français un enfant de 3 ans)
A two days trip (Français un voyage de 2 jours) *

(* Je me rappelle avoir eu du mal à convaincre un collègue de travail que c'était grammaticalement incorrect)

(Les formes correctes des deux expressions seraient:
A three-year-old child
A two-day trip)

Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Pascal Tréguer



Inscrit le: 16 Dec 2012
Messages: 694
Lieu: Lancashire - Angleterre

Messageécrit le Sunday 30 Jun 13, 0:25 Répondre en citant ce message   

Jacques a écrit

Citation:
Usage de "Aren't I? "(incorrect) au lieu "Am I not?" (correct). Dans cette faute, le verbe n'est pas accordé, en personne, avec le sujet ("Est-ce que je ne le es pas?").

Je dois ajouter que "aren't I?" est une faute rare, mais que l'on note chez les gens de langue maternelle anglaise, comme "I have went" au lieu de "I have gone".

Ain't I est la forme familière de aren't I.



L'emploi de aren't I? n'est pas une "faute", et il n'est pas "rare".


Par ailleurs, si ain't I? est maintenant perçu comme une "forme familière" de aren't I?, du point de vue de l'évolution phonétique, il s'agit de deux formes parallèles.



Oxford English Dictionary :

Citation:
The contraction aren’t is used in standard English to mean ‘am not’ in questions, as in I’m right, aren’t I?

The more logical form amn’t is now non-standard and restricted to Scottish, Irish, and dialect use.

Outside questions
, it is incorrect to use aren’t to mean ‘am not’ (for example, I aren’t going is clearly wrong).



The use of ain’t was widespread in the 18th century, typically as a contraction for am not.

It is still perfectly normal in many dialects and informal speech in both Britain and North America.

Today, however, it does not form part of standard English
and should never be used in formal or written contexts.



(Pour l'anecdote, mon épouse, qui est du Lancashire, prononce ain't I? mais écrit aren't I?)


Voici tout d'abord ce que dit l'étymologiste Michael Quinion sur son site World Wide Words :


Citation:
There was a pronunciation of an’t, in which the vowel was drawn out and somewhat drawled. Eventually this led to the spelling pronunciation aren’t, with the r silent, a form for which we have little evidence before the twentieth century.

It explains why aren’t I exists, which is otherwise a puzzle, since there’s no obvious way that it could have been formed from am I not. Despite dislike of it by some stylists, aren’t I has become accepted in standard English as the successor to an’t and as a respectable alternative to ain’t.




Pour écrire ce qui suit, je me suis principalement aidé de The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, 1991 (page 7 et suivantes).


C'est long, je sais, car c'est chronologique - mais il y a, entre autres, l'explication de la graphie aren't I? et de la forme ain't.



ABOUT AREN'T AND AIN'T


The Restoration period - after 1660 - gives the first printed evidence of several negative contractions that had come into spoken use during the 17th century.


Some of these contractions look unfamiliar now: ben’t, an’t, en’t, han’t - they have either been replaced by others or have gone out of use. But the others are familiar to us: can’t, shan’t, won’t, don’t.


The first printed evidence of an’t (sometimes given an extra apostrophe to make a’n’t) comes from a Restoration comedy, in which it means am not:

Miss Prue: You need not seat so near one, if you have any thing to say, I can hear you farther off, I an’t deaf.
Ben: Why that’s true as you say, nor I an’t dumb, I can be heard as far another.
William Congreve - Love for Love - 1695


The following year, also from a Restoration comedy, an’t means are not:

Hark thee, shoemaker, these shoes a'n't ugly, but they don't fit me.
Sir John Vanbrugh - The relapse - 1696



- How an’t came to be used for am not:


Am not was contracted to amn’t - a contraction still used in Irish and Scottish English - and the sounds m and n were combined.



- How an’t came to be used for are not:


In the principal British dialects, the r would not have been pronounced.

And the a of are was not pronounced then as it is today. It must have been close enough in sound to am that writers were satisfied to use the same spelling for both meanings.


There is the evidence of rhymes.

For example, John Donne (1572–1631), in some of his poems, rhymed are with words such as bare and care, which do not rhyme among themselves in present-day English.

But they must all have been close enough to make rhymes in Donne’s time.

In Satire IV (“Well; I may now receive, and die”):

One, whom the watch, at noon, lets scarce go by;
One, to whom th’ examining justice sure would cry,
‘Sir, by your priesthood, tell me what you are.’
His clothes were strange, though coarse, and black, though bare;
Sleeveless his jerkin was, and it had been
Velvet, but ’twas now—so much ground was seen—
Become tufftaffaty...



And, in Ode:

I. VENGEANCE will sit above our faults ; but till
She there do sit,
We see her not, nor them. Thus blind, yet still
We lead her way ; and thus, whilst we do ill,
We suffer it.
2. Unhappy he whom youth makes not beware
Of doing ill.
Enough we labour under age, and care ;
In number, th' errors of the last place are
The greatest still.



Presumably, the pronunciation of are in Donne’s time would lead in some dialects to a pronunciation spelling an’t - with the sounds n and t attached, and the sound r not pronounced.




- An’t came to be used for is not too.


Jonathan Swift used an’t he as early as 1710 in his Journal to Stella.

In Letter 12 - London, 23 December 1710:
Presto is plaguy silly to-night, an’t he? Yes, and so he be.

[Presto is the name Swift gives to himself in his letters - swift means happening quickly, promptly, and presto is a musical term meaning in a quick tempo.]



It is not clear how this use of an’t for is not developed. It’s possible that an’t was simply extended to the third person singular since it already served all the other present-tense forms of be.



An’t was established in the meanings am not, are not and is not by the early 18th century. An’t being a speech form, its printed evidence comes from letters and fictional dialogues:

I am sure that I shan’t go if Lucy an’t there.
Jane Austen - Sense and Sensibility - 1811

An’t you sorry for her
Emily Dickinson - letter, 24 December 1851

An’t he beautiful, John? Don’t he look precious in his sleep?” “Very precious,” said John. “Very much so. He generally IS asleep, an’t he?
Charles Dickens - The Cricket on the Hearth - 1845




These quotations show that an’t continued to be used well into the 19th century. But, by then, it was competing with another spelling, ain’t.


Ain’t is first attested in a novel published in 1778, Fanny Burney’s Evelina. It represented the way a countryman said the word.


This spelling probably represents one of the main directions in the development of the vowel sound of are - as seen above. However, it is not known how this spelling became extended to am not and is not. But ain’t was popularly associated with Cockney speech in the 19th century - in some of Charles Dickens’s novels for example.


The other main branch in the development of the vowel sound of are brings it in the direction of aunt (a plausible pronunciation for an't), and would, by the end of the 19th century, result in the spelling aren’t - remember that southern British English omits the sound r - hence the spelling aren't I?, which looked very strange to Americans when it was first noticed in British novels around the turn of the century.




Ain’t is also used in the meanings have not and has not.


There is evidence of a 17th-century contraction ha’nt used for both have not and has not - the middle consonants v and s disappearing.


The long a of ain’t came from a variant pronunciation of have - behave is still pronounced that way.

And the h is not aspirated in some dialects of British English.

All of these phenomena combined to produce the have not and has not meanings of ain’t.




DEVELOPMENT OF “AIN’T ” IN THE UNITED STATES



Both an’t and ain’t are attested in the late 18th century, and presumably both appeared because they were brought by early settlers.


Some of the same influences on pronunciation were present too. For example, 19th-century dialect humourists used the spelling air for are.

Ain’t began to displace an’t during the 19th century.

In a book published in 1845, Johnson Jones Hooper tells the story of his rascally hero Simon Suggs in which young Simon regularly says ain’t while his father says a’n’t:

Mr. Jedediah Suggs let down Bill and untied him. Approaching Simon, whose coat was off, “Come, Simon, son,” said he, “cross them hands; I'm gwine to correct you.”
It aint no use, daddy,” said Simon.
“Why so, Simon?”
Jist bekase it aint. I'm gwine to play cards as long as I live. When I go off to myself, I'm gwine to make my livin' by it. So what's the use of beatin' me about it?”
[...]
“Bob Smith says, does he? And who's Bob Smith? Much does Bob Smith know about Augusty! he's been thar, I reckon! Slipped off yearly some mornin', when nobody warn't noticin', and got back afore night! It's only a hundred and fifty mile. Oh, yes,Bob Smith knows all about it! I don't know nothin' about it! I a'n't never been to Augusty--I couldn't find the road thar, I reckon--ha! ha! Bob--Smi-th! The eternal stink! if he was only to see one o' them fine gentlemen in Augusty, with his fine broad-cloth, and bell-crown hat, and shoe-boots a-shinin' like silver, he'd take to the woods and kill himself a-runnin'. Bob Smith! that's whar all your devilment comes from, Simon.”

Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, Late of the Tallapoosa Volunteers - Johnson Jones Hooper(1815-62)


Hooper’s tale is set in the South. In New England, Emily Dickinson was using an’t in 1851, and the elder Oliver Wendell Holmes heard it from his fellow boarders in 1860. Perhaps the change worked its way from south to north.


At any rate, an’t is hard to find after the 1870s, and even New England writers like Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mary E. Wilkins Freeman use ain’t. In some parts of the USA, hain’t is interchangeable with ain’t.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
rejsl
Animatrice


Inscrit le: 14 Nov 2007
Messages: 3680
Lieu: Massalia

Messageécrit le Sunday 30 Jun 13, 21:46 Répondre en citant ce message   

Traduisez ou résumez le contenu de ces longues citations. Merci.
Voir le profil du Babélien Envoyer un message personnel
Montrer les messages depuis:   
Créer un nouveau sujet Répondre au sujet Forum Babel Index -> Forum anglais Aller à la page Précédente  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8  Suivante
Page 7 sur 8









phpBB (c) 2001-2008