José
Animateur
Inscrit le: 16 Oct 2006
Messages: 10945
Lieu: Lyon
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 écrit le Monday 12 May 14, 11:28 |
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 with
| etymonline a écrit: |
with (prep.)
Old English wið "against, opposite, from, toward, by, near," a shortened form related to wiðer, from Proto-Germanic *withro- "against" (cognates: Old Saxon withar "against," Old Norse viðr "against, with, toward, at," Middle Dutch, Dutch weder, Dutch weer "again," Gothic wiþra "against, opposite"), from PIE *wi-tero-, literally "more apart," suffixed form of root *wi- "separation" (cognates: Sanskrit vi, Avestan vi- "asunder," Sanskrit vitaram "further, farther," Old Church Slavonic vutoru "other, second").
Sense shifted in Middle English to denote association, combination, and union, partly by influence of Old Norse vidh, and also perhaps by Latin cum "with" (as in pugnare cum "fight with"). In this sense, it replaced Old English mid "with," which survives only as a prefix (as in midwife). Original sense of "against, in opposition" is retained in compounds such as withhold, withdraw, withstand. Often treated as a conjunction by ungrammatical writers and used where and would be correct. First record of with child "pregnant" is recorded from c.1200. With it "cool" is black slang, recorded by 1931. French avec "with" was originally avoc, from Vulgar Latin *abhoc, from apud hoc, literally "with this." |
Quelques points intéressants :
- à l'origine, with a le sens, entre autres, de : contre, opposé (voir cognats germaniques)
- en moyen-anglais, le mot prend le sens de : association, combinaison et union
en partie sous l'influence du vieux-norrois et peut-être du latin cum
- dans cette acception, il a remplacé le mot de vieil-anglais mid qui ne survit aujourd'hui que comme préfixe
- le sens originel de with (= against : contre) survit dans des composés comme withhold (= retenir, refuser, cacher), withdraw (= retenir) et withstand (= résister à - en allemand : der Widerstand : la Résistance) |
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Hèbë
Inscrit le: 08 Dec 2015
Messages: 2
Lieu: Endacòm mai
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| écrit le Friday 05 Feb 16, 12:20 |
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En òc auvèrnhat de Puei-Domat, mai d'una fòrma se pòdon emplejar, lai-i a «embé/embei»[embé-embey-embi] v-o «'bei» que n'es son afeiresa... e que se prononça [bei/bé/bi].
Davant 'na vocala le monde d'aquí pronóncan mai [embei] que [embé/embi] par fair la liason (se fau saubre que l'auvèrnhat l-ama pas gaire los «hiatus» e qu'aquò-i par aquò qu'utilisèm pro sovent de letras ditas «eufonicas» coma (z-/l-/v-etc...) a la debuta daus mots que comenquan par 'na vocala).
D'a l'escrit, n-òm pòt z-o tornar de doàs faiçons: daus uns escrivon ...embei una cicleta... dementre que daus autres escrivon ...embé i-una cicleta... |
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Lingala : na (qui peut aussi vouloir dire "et, à, dans...")